$已知抛物线C:y^2=8x上的一点P,直线l_1:x=-2, l_2:12x-5y+15=0,求P点到这两条直线的距离之和的最小值。$
解:
设P点的坐标为$(x_0, y_0)$,则:
$P到l_1的距离d_1=
\begin{vmatrix}
x_0 + 2
\end{vmatrix}
$
因为$x_0=\frac {y_0^2}8 \geq 0$
所以$d_1=x_0+2$
$$P到l_2的距离d_2=
\begin{vmatrix}
\frac {12x_0 - 5y_0 + 15}{\sqrt {12^2 + (-5)^2}}
\end{vmatrix}
=
\begin{vmatrix}
\frac {12x_0 - 5y_0 + 15}{13}
\end{vmatrix}
$$
设两者的距离之和为$d=d_1+d_2$,则
\begin{align}
d=& x_0+2+ \begin{vmatrix} \frac {12x_0-5y_0+15}{13} \end{vmatrix}\\
=& \frac {y_0^2}8 +2+ \begin{vmatrix} \frac {12 \times \frac {y_0^2}8 -5y_0+15}{13}
\end{vmatrix}\\
=& \frac {y_0^2}8 +2+ \begin{vmatrix} \frac {3 \times \frac {y_0^2}2 -5y_0+15}{13}
\end{vmatrix}\\
\end{align}
因为
\begin{align}
& \frac32y_0^2-5y_0+15\\
=& \frac 32 \left( y_0^2 - \frac {10}3 y_0 + \frac {25}9 \right)^2 - \frac {25}6 + 15\\
=& \frac 32 \left( y_0 - \frac 53 \right)^2 + \frac {65}6 > 0
\end{align}
所以
\begin{align}
d=& \frac {y_0^2}8+2+\frac{3\times \frac {y_0^2}2-5y_0+15}{13}\\
=& \left( \frac 18 + \frac 3{26} \right)y_0^2- \frac 5{13}y_0+\frac {41}{13}\\
=& \frac {25}{104}\left( y_0 - \frac 45 \right)^2+3
\end{align}
从距离的表达式中可以看出,当
$$
y_0=\frac 45
$$
时,距离最小,为$d=3$
所以,P点到这两条直线的距离之和的最小值为3