数学
         
语言:中文    Language:English
求逆矩阵:
    输入一个可逆矩阵,每个元用逗号隔开,每行用分号结尾。
    注意,不支持支持数学函数和变量。
    当前位置:线性代数 >求逆矩阵 >逆矩阵计算历史 >答案

$$\begin{aligned}&\\ \color{black}{计算矩阵}& \ \ \begin{pmatrix} &1\ &43\ &26\ &32\ \\ &74\ &37\ &59\ &86\ \\ &24\ &56\ &85\ &37\ \\ &96\ &45\ &28\ &43\ \end{pmatrix}\color{black}{的逆矩阵。}\\ \\解:&\\ &\begin{pmatrix} &1\ &43\ &26\ &32\ \\ &74\ &37\ &59\ &86\ \\ &24\ &56\ &85\ &37\ \\ &96\ &45\ &28\ &43\ \end{pmatrix}\\\\&\color{grey}{用矩阵的初等变换来求逆矩阵:}\\&\left (\begin{array} {ccccc | cccc} &1\ &43\ &26\ &32\ &1\ &0\ &0\ &0\ \\ &74\ &37\ &59\ &86\ &0\ &1\ &0\ &0\ \\ &24\ &56\ &85\ &37\ &0\ &0\ &1\ &0\ \\ &96\ &45\ &28\ &43\ &0\ &0\ &0\ &1\ \\\end{array} \right )\\\\&\color{grey}{将已知矩阵化为上三角矩阵}\\\\->\ \ &\left (\begin{array} {ccccc | cccc} &1\ &43\ &26\ &32\ &1\ &0\ &0\ &0\ \\ &0\ &-3145\ &-1865\ &-2282\ &-74\ &1\ &0\ &0\ \\ &0\ &-976\ &-539\ &-731\ &-24\ &0\ &1\ &0\ \\ &0\ &-4083\ &-2468\ &-3029\ &-96\ &0\ &0\ &1\ \\\end{array} \right )\\\\->\ \ &\left (\begin{array} {ccccc | cccc} &1\ &43\ &26\ &32\ &1\ &0\ &0\ &0\ \\ &0\ &-3145\ &-1865\ &-2282\ &-74\ &1\ &0\ &0\ \\ &0\ &0\ &\frac{25017}{629}\ &-\frac{71763}{3145}\ &-\frac{88}{85}\ &-\frac{976}{3145}\ &1\ &0\ \\ &0\ &0\ &-\frac{29413}{629}\ &-\frac{208799}{3145}\ &\frac{6}{85}\ &-\frac{4083}{3145}\ &0\ &1\ \\\end{array} \right )\\\\->\ \ &\left (\begin{array} {ccccc | cccc} &1\ &43\ &26\ &32\ &1\ &0\ &0\ &0\ \\ &0\ &-3145\ &-1865\ &-2282\ &-74\ &1\ &0\ &0\ \\ &0\ &0\ &\frac{25017}{629}\ &-\frac{71763}{3145}\ &-\frac{88}{85}\ &-\frac{976}{3145}\ &1\ &0\ \\ &0\ &0\ &0\ &-\frac{3886746}{41695}\ &-\frac{143426}{125085}\ &-\frac{208031}{125085}\ &\frac{29413}{25017}\ &1\ \\\end{array} \right )\\\\&\color{grey}{将对角线以上的元素化为0}\\\\->\ \ &\left (\begin{array} {ccccc | cccc} &1\ &43\ &26\ &0\ &\frac{3535303}{5830119}\ &-\frac{3328496}{5830119}\ &\frac{2353040}{5830119}\ &\frac{667120}{1943373}\ \\ &0\ &-3145\ &-1865\ &0\ &-\frac{267779740}{5830119}\ &\frac{243193490}{5830119}\ &-\frac{167801165}{5830119}\ &-\frac{47573995}{1943373}\ \\ &0\ &0\ &\frac{25017}{629}\ &0\ &-\frac{922435163}{1222381617}\ &\frac{236569091}{2444763234}\ &\frac{1741174861}{2444763234}\ &-\frac{199477219}{814921078}\ \\ &0\ &0\ &0\ &-\frac{3886746}{41695}\ &-\frac{143426}{125085}\ &-\frac{208031}{125085}\ &\frac{29413}{25017}\ &1\ \\\end{array} \right )\\\\->\ \ &\left (\begin{array} {ccccc | cccc} &1\ &43\ &0\ &0\ &\frac{2137115}{1943373}\ &-\frac{1232431}{1943373}\ &-\frac{120449}{1943373}\ &\frac{326031}{647791}\ \\ &0\ &-3145\ &0\ &0\ &-\frac{52675605}{647791}\ &\frac{59921685}{1295582}\ &\frac{5978645}{1295582}\ &-\frac{46586885}{1295582}\ \\ &0\ &0\ &\frac{25017}{629}\ &0\ &-\frac{922435163}{1222381617}\ &\frac{236569091}{2444763234}\ &\frac{1741174861}{2444763234}\ &-\frac{199477219}{814921078}\ \\ &0\ &0\ &0\ &-\frac{3886746}{41695}\ &-\frac{143426}{125085}\ &-\frac{208031}{125085}\ &\frac{29413}{25017}\ &1\ \\\end{array} \right )\\\\->\ \ &\left (\begin{array} {ccccc | cccc} &1\ &0\ &0\ &0\ &-\frac{23506}{1943373}\ &-\frac{7025}{3886746}\ &\frac{4331}{3886746}\ &\frac{15103}{1295582}\ \\ &0\ &-3145\ &0\ &0\ &-\frac{52675605}{647791}\ &\frac{59921685}{1295582}\ &\frac{5978645}{1295582}\ &-\frac{46586885}{1295582}\ \\ &0\ &0\ &\frac{25017}{629}\ &0\ &-\frac{922435163}{1222381617}\ &\frac{236569091}{2444763234}\ &\frac{1741174861}{2444763234}\ &-\frac{199477219}{814921078}\ \\ &0\ &0\ &0\ &-\frac{3886746}{41695}\ &-\frac{143426}{125085}\ &-\frac{208031}{125085}\ &\frac{29413}{25017}\ &1\ \\\end{array} \right )\\\\&\color{grey}{将主对角线元素化为1}\\\\->\ \ &\left (\begin{array} {ccccc | cccc} &1\ &0\ &0\ &0\ &-\frac{23506}{1943373}\ &-\frac{7025}{3886746}\ &\frac{4331}{3886746}\ &\frac{15103}{1295582}\ \\ &0\ &1\ &0\ &0\ &\frac{16749}{647791}\ &-\frac{19053}{1295582}\ &-\frac{1901}{1295582}\ &\frac{14813}{1295582}\ \\ &0\ &0\ &\frac{25017}{629}\ &0\ &-\frac{922435163}{1222381617}\ &\frac{236569091}{2444763234}\ &\frac{1741174861}{2444763234}\ &-\frac{199477219}{814921078}\ \\ &0\ &0\ &0\ &-\frac{3886746}{41695}\ &-\frac{143426}{125085}\ &-\frac{208031}{125085}\ &\frac{29413}{25017}\ &1\ \\\end{array} \right )\\\\->\ \ &\left (\begin{array} {ccccc | cccc} &1\ &0\ &0\ &0\ &-\frac{23506}{1943373}\ &-\frac{7025}{3886746}\ &\frac{4331}{3886746}\ &\frac{15103}{1295582}\ \\ &0\ &1\ &0\ &0\ &\frac{16749}{647791}\ &-\frac{19053}{1295582}\ &-\frac{1901}{1295582}\ &\frac{14813}{1295582}\ \\ &0\ &0\ &1\ &0\ &-\frac{110617}{5830119}\ &\frac{28369}{11660238}\ &\frac{208799}{11660238}\ &-\frac{23921}{3886746}\ \\ &0\ &0\ &0\ &-\frac{3886746}{41695}\ &-\frac{143426}{125085}\ &-\frac{208031}{125085}\ &\frac{29413}{25017}\ &1\ \\\end{array} \right )\\\\->\ \ &\left (\begin{array} {ccccc | cccc} &1\ &0\ &0\ &0\ &-\frac{23506}{1943373}\ &-\frac{7025}{3886746}\ &\frac{4331}{3886746}\ &\frac{15103}{1295582}\ \\ &0\ &1\ &0\ &0\ &\frac{16749}{647791}\ &-\frac{19053}{1295582}\ &-\frac{1901}{1295582}\ &\frac{14813}{1295582}\ \\ &0\ &0\ &1\ &0\ &-\frac{110617}{5830119}\ &\frac{28369}{11660238}\ &\frac{208799}{11660238}\ &-\frac{23921}{3886746}\ \\ &0\ &0\ &0\ &\frac{1163}{1163}\ &\frac{71713}{5830119}\ &\frac{208031}{11660238}\ &-\frac{147065}{11660238}\ &-\frac{41695}{3886746}\ \\\end{array} \right )\\\\&\color{grey}{所求的逆矩阵为:}\\&\begin{pmatrix} &-\frac{23506}{1943373}\ &-\frac{7025}{3886746}\ &\frac{4331}{3886746}\ &\frac{15103}{1295582}\ \\ &\frac{16749}{647791}\ &-\frac{19053}{1295582}\ &-\frac{1901}{1295582}\ &\frac{14813}{1295582}\ \\ &-\frac{110617}{5830119}\ &\frac{28369}{11660238}\ &\frac{208799}{11660238}\ &-\frac{23921}{3886746}\ \\ &\frac{71713}{5830119}\ &\frac{208031}{11660238}\ &-\frac{147065}{11660238}\ &-\frac{41695}{3886746}\ \end{pmatrix}\end{aligned}$$

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矩阵的初等变换:


定义:对矩阵的行(列)施行下列三种变换都成为矩阵的初等变换
(1)互换矩阵两行(列)的位置;
(2)用非零常数λ乘矩阵的某行(列);
(3)将矩阵某行(列)的γ倍加到矩阵的另一行(列)上。



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