数学
         
语言:中文    Language:English
求逆矩阵:
    输入一个可逆矩阵,每个元用逗号隔开,每行用分号结尾。
    注意,不支持支持数学函数和变量。
    当前位置:线性代数 >求逆矩阵 >逆矩阵计算历史 >答案

$$\begin{aligned}&\\ \color{black}{计算矩阵}& \ \ \begin{pmatrix} &1\ &1\ &1\ &1\ \\ &1\ &2\ &-1\ &4\ \\ &2\ &-3\ &-1\ &-5\ \\ &3\ &1\ &2\ &11\ \end{pmatrix}\color{black}{的逆矩阵。}\\ \\解:&\\ &\begin{pmatrix} &1\ &1\ &1\ &1\ \\ &1\ &2\ &-1\ &4\ \\ &2\ &-3\ &-1\ &-5\ \\ &3\ &1\ &2\ &11\ \end{pmatrix}\\\\&\color{grey}{用矩阵的初等变换来求逆矩阵:}\\&\left (\begin{array} {ccccc | cccc} &1\ &1\ &1\ &1\ &1\ &0\ &0\ &0\ \\ &1\ &2\ &-1\ &4\ &0\ &1\ &0\ &0\ \\ &2\ &-3\ &-1\ &-5\ &0\ &0\ &1\ &0\ \\ &3\ &1\ &2\ &11\ &0\ &0\ &0\ &1\ \\\end{array} \right )\\\\&\color{grey}{将已知矩阵化为上三角矩阵}\\\\->\ \ &\left (\begin{array} {ccccc | cccc} &1\ &1\ &1\ &1\ &1\ &0\ &0\ &0\ \\ &0\ &1\ &-2\ &3\ &-1\ &1\ &0\ &0\ \\ &0\ &-5\ &-3\ &-7\ &-2\ &0\ &1\ &0\ \\ &0\ &-2\ &-1\ &8\ &-3\ &0\ &0\ &1\ \\\end{array} \right )\\\\->\ \ &\left (\begin{array} {ccccc | cccc} &1\ &1\ &1\ &1\ &1\ &0\ &0\ &0\ \\ &0\ &1\ &-2\ &3\ &-1\ &1\ &0\ &0\ \\ &0\ &0\ &-13\ &8\ &-7\ &5\ &1\ &0\ \\ &0\ &0\ &-5\ &14\ &-5\ &2\ &0\ &1\ \\\end{array} \right )\\\\->\ \ &\left (\begin{array} {ccccc | cccc} &1\ &1\ &1\ &1\ &1\ &0\ &0\ &0\ \\ &0\ &1\ &-2\ &3\ &-1\ &1\ &0\ &0\ \\ &0\ &0\ &-13\ &8\ &-7\ &5\ &1\ &0\ \\ &0\ &0\ &0\ &\frac{142}{13}\ &-\frac{30}{13}\ &\frac{1}{13}\ &-\frac{5}{13}\ &1\ \\\end{array} \right )\\\\&\color{grey}{将对角线以上的元素化为0}\\\\->\ \ &\left (\begin{array} {ccccc | cccc} &1\ &1\ &1\ &0\ &\frac{86}{71}\ &-\frac{1}{142}\ &\frac{5}{142}\ &-\frac{13}{142}\ \\ &0\ &1\ &-2\ &0\ &-\frac{26}{71}\ &\frac{139}{142}\ &\frac{15}{142}\ &-\frac{39}{142}\ \\ &0\ &0\ &-13\ &0\ &-\frac{377}{71}\ &\frac{351}{71}\ &\frac{91}{71}\ &-\frac{52}{71}\ \\ &0\ &0\ &0\ &\frac{142}{13}\ &-\frac{30}{13}\ &\frac{1}{13}\ &-\frac{5}{13}\ &1\ \\\end{array} \right )\\\\->\ \ &\left (\begin{array} {ccccc | cccc} &1\ &1\ &0\ &0\ &\frac{57}{71}\ &\frac{3763}{10082}\ &\frac{1349}{10082}\ &-\frac{1491}{10082}\ \\ &0\ &1\ &0\ &0\ &\frac{32}{71}\ &\frac{2201}{10082}\ &-\frac{13}{142}\ &-\frac{1633}{10082}\ \\ &0\ &0\ &-13\ &0\ &-\frac{377}{71}\ &\frac{351}{71}\ &\frac{91}{71}\ &-\frac{52}{71}\ \\ &0\ &0\ &0\ &\frac{142}{13}\ &-\frac{30}{13}\ &\frac{1}{13}\ &-\frac{5}{13}\ &1\ \\\end{array} \right )\\\\->\ \ &\left (\begin{array} {ccccc | cccc} &1\ &0\ &0\ &0\ &\frac{25}{71}\ &\frac{11}{71}\ &\frac{1136}{5041}\ &\frac{1}{71}\ \\ &0\ &1\ &0\ &0\ &\frac{32}{71}\ &\frac{2201}{10082}\ &-\frac{13}{142}\ &-\frac{1633}{10082}\ \\ &0\ &0\ &-13\ &0\ &-\frac{377}{71}\ &\frac{351}{71}\ &\frac{91}{71}\ &-\frac{52}{71}\ \\ &0\ &0\ &0\ &\frac{142}{13}\ &-\frac{30}{13}\ &\frac{1}{13}\ &-\frac{5}{13}\ &1\ \\\end{array} \right )\\\\&\color{grey}{将主对角线元素化为1}\\\\->\ \ &\left (\begin{array} {ccccc | cccc} &1\ &0\ &0\ &0\ &\frac{25}{71}\ &\frac{11}{71}\ &\frac{1136}{5041}\ &\frac{1}{71}\ \\ &0\ &1\ &0\ &0\ &\frac{32}{71}\ &\frac{2201}{10082}\ &-\frac{13}{142}\ &-\frac{1633}{10082}\ \\ &0\ &0\ &1\ &0\ &\frac{29}{71}\ &-\frac{27}{71}\ &-\frac{7}{71}\ &\frac{4}{71}\ \\ &0\ &0\ &0\ &\frac{142}{13}\ &-\frac{30}{13}\ &\frac{1}{13}\ &-\frac{5}{13}\ &1\ \\\end{array} \right )\\\\->\ \ &\left (\begin{array} {ccccc | cccc} &1\ &0\ &0\ &0\ &\frac{25}{71}\ &\frac{11}{71}\ &\frac{1136}{5041}\ &\frac{1}{71}\ \\ &0\ &1\ &0\ &0\ &\frac{32}{71}\ &\frac{2201}{10082}\ &-\frac{13}{142}\ &-\frac{1633}{10082}\ \\ &0\ &0\ &1\ &0\ &\frac{29}{71}\ &-\frac{27}{71}\ &-\frac{7}{71}\ &\frac{4}{71}\ \\ &0\ &0\ &0\ &1\ &-\frac{15}{71}\ &\frac{1}{142}\ &-\frac{5}{142}\ &\frac{13}{142}\ \\\end{array} \right )\\\\&\color{grey}{所求的逆矩阵为:}\\&\begin{pmatrix} &\frac{25}{71}\ &\frac{11}{71}\ &\frac{1136}{5041}\ &\frac{1}{71}\ \\ &\frac{32}{71}\ &\frac{2201}{10082}\ &-\frac{13}{142}\ &-\frac{1633}{10082}\ \\ &\frac{29}{71}\ &-\frac{27}{71}\ &-\frac{7}{71}\ &\frac{4}{71}\ \\ &-\frac{15}{71}\ &\frac{1}{142}\ &-\frac{5}{142}\ &\frac{13}{142}\ \end{pmatrix}\end{aligned}$$

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矩阵的初等变换:


定义:对矩阵的行(列)施行下列三种变换都成为矩阵的初等变换
(1)互换矩阵两行(列)的位置;
(2)用非零常数λ乘矩阵的某行(列);
(3)将矩阵某行(列)的γ倍加到矩阵的另一行(列)上。



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